The mango tilapia (Sarotherodon galilaeus) is a species of fish from the cichlid family that is native to fresh and brackish waters in Africa and the Levant. Other common names include Galilaea tilapia, Galilean comb, Galilee St. Peter's fish, and St.

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🔼The name Galilee: Summary

1. A region of northern Israel. The northernmost part of Palestine and the ancient kingdom of Israel, Galilee was the center of Jesus's ministry.
2. In Galilaea est Dominus. Alleluia: The straightaway one in white they see, who saith, 'seek the Lord: but He is risen and gone to Galilee.' Alleluia: Et Ioannes apostolus cucurrit Petro citius, monumento venit prius. Alleluia: This told they Peter, told John; who forthwith to the tomb are gone, but Peter is by John outrun.

🔼The name Galilee in the Bible

The name Galilee is the Anglicized version of the Greek name Galilaia (Γαλιλαια), which in turn is the Hellenized version of the Hebrew name Galil (גליל) or Galilah (גלילה), as it is called in 2 Kings 15:29.

The name Galil occurs first in conjunction with the city Kedesh 'in Galil,' which was a city situated in the hill country of Naphtali, in the north of Israel (Joshua 20:7). Later, king Solomon gave king Hiram of Tyre twenty cities in that region (now called with the feminine name גלילה, Galilah), but Hiram didn't like them very much and people called those cities Cabul, meaning 'like nothing' (1 Kings 9:11-13).

During the late kingdom years, the Assyrians invaded Israel from the north and the land of Naphtali, including Galilee, was the first to be captured. The inhabitants were taken to Assyria in what became known as the first deportation (the second Assyrian deportation happened about two decades later: 2 Kings 17:6)

In New Testament times the name Galilee was applied to a larger region, or actually two of them. The mountainous land formerly known as Galil became Upper Galilee, and the flat and fertile plain south of it became known as Lower Galilee, and contained the lake known by various names but also as the Sea of Galilee (Matthew 4:18). In the New Testament no distinction is made between lower and upper Galilee, but since Jesus was from Galilee (John 8:52) and conducted much of his ministry there, it is mentioned many times in the Greek Scriptures (74 times, to be precise; see full New Testament concordance).

In 70 AD, Jerusalem was destroyed and the Sanhedrin was forced to set up elsewhere. First it was moved to Jabneh, but in 80 AD it was moved to Usha in Galilee. In 116 AD it was moved back to Jabneh.

🔼Etymology of the name Galilee

The name Galilee comes from a Greek variation of the Hebrew name Galil, and that name is identical to one adjective and one noun גליל (galil) that were derived of the verb גלל (galal), meaning to roll:

Galilaeans

גלל גיל

The verb גלל (galal) primarily expresses rolling, whirling or heaping and may also denote a broad sweep (of land or time). Noun גל (gal) means heap or pile; גיל (gel), a heap specifically of dung; גלל (galal), dung; גלול (gillul), idols. Noun גלה (gulla) means bowl, basin or spring; noun גלילה (gelila), circuit, boundary or territory. Noun גליל (galil) denotes a supporting cylinder or rod; adjective גליל (galil), probably describes a cylindrical hinge column, noun מגלה (megilla) means scroll. Noun גלגל (gilgal) means wheel; noun גלגל (galgal), wheel or whirlwind. Noun גלגלת (gulgoleth) means skull or head. In cognate languages verb גלל (galal) extends to also describe the nobility of someone who rules a region.

The parallel verb גיל (gil) expresses a circular motion as is mostly associated with expressions of joy and celebration (dance). Nouns גיל (gil) and גילה (gila) mean a rejoicing. Noun גיל (gil) describes a circle or time: an age.

Note that the feminine version of our name as used in 1 Kings 9:11 is the same as the feminine noun גלילה (gelila).

🔼Galilee meaning

For a meaning of the name Galilee, NOBSE Study Bible Name List reads Circle, Circuit, Jones' Dictionary of Old Testament Proper Names has Rolling, Revolving, and BDB Theological Dictionary proposes Circuit, District.

The name Galilee probably started out as a derogative: 'that' region; the boondocks; out in 'the country', and its name means just that: Region.

Galilea (bahasa Ibrani: hagalil הגליל, bahasa Arab: al-jaleel الجليل, berarti 'sirkuit' atau berarti 'bukit'; bahasa Inggris: Galilee; bahasa Yunani: Γαλιλαία,Galilaia, bahasa Latin: Galilaea) adalah sebuah daerah yang luas di bagian utara tanah Israel dan bertumpang tindih dengan sebagian Distrik Utara Israel.

Galilea mencakup lebih dari sepertiga wilayah Israel pada masa kini, yang merentang 'dari Dan di utara, di kaki Gunung Hermon, hingga ke pinggiran Karmel dan Gilboa di selatan, dan dari lembah Yordan di timur hingga ke dataran-dataran yang indah di Yizrel dan Akko, hingga ke pantai Laut Tengah di sebelah barat.'

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Pada masa YesusKristus dan sebelumnya, wilayah Galilea dihuni oleh orang Samaria, yaitu orang-orang yang berdarah campuran (karena pembuangan bangsa Yahudi, dan pendudukan oleh Kekaisaran Asyur dan Babel, penduduk daerah itu kebanyakan berdarah campuran). Orang Yahudi kultural maupun yang saleh menganggap orang Samaria tidak murni, dan karena itu mereka 'najis' secara moral, rohani maupun fisik (didiami oleh roh-roh dan mengidap penyakit). Pada umumnya orang Yahudi enggan berurusan dengan orang Samaria. Itulah salah satu alasan mengapa Yesus dari Nazaret dan murid-muridnya (sebagian dari mereka adalah nelayan dari Galilea) ditanggapi dengan rasa skeptik, ejekan dan bahkan kebencian oleh oleh para pemimpin Yahudi yang saleh di Yerusalem. Mereka sendiri menyebut Yesus 'orang Samaria'. Ia menjawab mereka dengan perumpamaan tentang orang Samaria yang murah hati. Kitab suci sendiri telah memberitakan bahwa 'Galilea tanah orang asing' akan 'melihat Terang yang besar', Terang dari Mesias Israel (lihat Kitab Yesaya).

Galileans

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Galilaean

• Aviam, M., 'Galilee: The Hellenistic to Byzantine Periods,' in The New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land, vol. 2 (4 vols) (Jerusalem: IES / Carta), 1993, 452–458.
• Meyers, Eric M. (ed), Galilee through the Centuries: Confluence of Cultures (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 1999) (Duke Judaic Studies 1).
• Chancey, A. M., Myth of a Gentile Galilee: The Population of Galilee and New Testament Studies (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002) (Society of New Testament Monograph Series 118).
• Aviam, M., 'First-century Jewish Galilee: An archaeological perspective,' in Edwards, D.R. (ed.), Religion and Society in Roman Palestine: Old Questions, New Approaches (New York / London: Routledge, 2004), 7–27.
• Aviam, M., Jews, Pagans and Christians in the Galilee (Rochester NY: University of Rochester Press, 2004) (Land of Galilee 1).
• Chancey, Mark A., Greco-Roman Culture and the Galilee of Jesus (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006) (Society for New Testament Studies Monograph Series, 134).
• Freyne, Sean, 'Galilee and Judea in the First Century,' in Margaret M. Mitchell and Frances M. Young (eds), Cambridge History of Christianity. Vol. 1. Origins to Constantine (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006) (Cambridge History of Christianity), 163-194.
• Zangenberg, Jürgen, Harold W. Attridge and Dale B. Martin (eds), Religion, Ethnicity and Identity in Ancient Galilee: A Region in Transition (Tübingen, Mohr Siebeck, 2007) (Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament, 210).
• Fiensy, David A., 'Population, Architecture, and Economy in Lower Galilean Villages and Towns in the First Century AD: A Brief Survey,' in John D. Wineland, Mark Ziese, James Riley Estep Jr. (eds), My Father's World: Celebrating the Life of Reuben G. Bullard (Eugene (OR), Wipf & Stock, 2011), 101-119.

Galilean Transformation